The chorda tympani nerve was divided into three types: type I, the periannular segment was located medial to the CE and covered by the bony eminence (32.5%) type II, the periannular segment was located inferior to the CE, and the nerve did or did not contact the bony edge of the CE (62.0%) and type III, the periannular segment was located lateral to the CE and medial to the tympanic annulus, and the iter chorda posterius was located in the tympanic sulcus (5.5%). The tympanic sulcus or annulus was the boundary between the posterior wall of the external auditory canal and chordal eminence (CE). Surgical videos of patients undergoing endoscopic ear surgery in the past 3 years were retrospectively observed to identify chorda tympani nerve variations. To observe and summarize variations of the chorda tympani nerve to effectively protect it during surgery. This worke nables those undergoing surgical training to hone their surgical skills.Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear 2nd editionis aimed at otolaryngology residents, otology and neurotology fellows, researchers, teachers and practitioners. Endoscopy succeeds to demonstrate anatomical details along with their impact on surgery of the middle ear.The inclusion of carefully selected CT scans assist in the reading of normal anatomy comparing with pathological features. Advanced knowledge of embryology helps to correlate anatomical status in relation to developmental anomalies. Clinical situations are correlated to the anatomical impacts of middle ear diseases.
Related biomechanics are explained to enhance the understanding of functional anatomy. Includes new chapters on middle ear biomechanics, middle ear interspecies evolution and radiological anatomy of the middle ear Explains middle ear anatomy in an easily accessible way Exquisitely illustrated with over 100 color photos and numerous color diagrams This fully revised and expanded second edition provides a comprehensive, most up-to-date and extensive work on middle ear anatomy.
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